Open-retrieval conversational machine reading comprehension (OCMRC) simulates real-life conversational interaction scenes. Machines are required to make a decision of "Yes/No/Inquire" or generate a follow-up question when the decision is "Inquire" based on retrieved rule texts, user scenario, user question, and dialogue history. Recent studies explored the methods to reduce the information gap between decision-making and question generation and thus improve the performance of generation. However, the information gap still exists because these pipeline structures are still limited in decision-making, span extraction, and question rephrasing three stages. Decision-making and generation are reasoning separately, and the entailment reasoning utilized in decision-making is hard to share through all stages. To tackle the above problem, we proposed a novel one-stage end-to-end framework, called Entailment Fused-T5 (EFT), to bridge the information gap between decision-making and generation in a global understanding manner. The extensive experimental results demonstrate that our proposed framework achieves new state-of-the-art performance on the OR-ShARC benchmark.

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been ubiquitously adopted in internet of things and are becoming an integral of our daily life. When tackling the evolving learning tasks in real world, such as classifying different types of objects, DNNs face the challenge to continually retrain themselves according to the tasks on different edge devices. Federated continual learning is a promising technique that offers partial solutions but yet to overcome the following difficulties: the significant accuracy loss due to the limited on-device processing, the negative knowledge transfer caused by the limited communication of non-IID data, and the limited scalability on the tasks and edge devices. In this paper, we propose FedKNOW, an accurate and scalable federated continual learning framework, via a novel concept of signature task knowledge. FedKNOW is a client side solution that continuously extracts and integrates the knowledge of signature tasks which are highly influenced by the current task. Each client of FedKNOW is composed of a knowledge extractor, a gradient restorer and, most importantly, a gradient integrator. Upon training for a new task, the gradient integrator ensures the prevention of catastrophic forgetting and mitigation of negative knowledge transfer by effectively combining signature tasks identified from the past local tasks and other clients' current tasks through the global model. We implement FedKNOW in PyTorch and extensively evaluate it against state-of-the-art techniques using popular federated continual learning benchmarks. Extensive evaluation results on heterogeneous edge devices show that FedKNOW improves model accuracy by 63.24% without increasing model training time, reduces communication cost by 34.28%, and achieves more improvements under difficult scenarios such as large numbers of tasks or clients, and training different complex networks.

Bird's-Eye-View (BEV) 3D Object Detection is a crucial multi-view technique for autonomous driving systems. Recently, plenty of works are proposed, following a similar paradigm consisting of three essential components, i.e., camera feature extraction, BEV feature construction, and task heads. Among the three components, BEV feature construction is BEV-specific compared with 2D tasks. Existing methods aggregate the multi-view camera features to the flattened grid in order to construct the BEV feature. However, flattening the BEV space along the height dimension fails to emphasize the informative features of different heights. For example, the barrier is located at a low height while the truck is located at a high height. In this paper, we propose a novel method named BEV Slice Attention Network (BEV-SAN) for exploiting the intrinsic characteristics of different heights. Instead of flattening the BEV space, we first sample along the height dimension to build the global and local BEV slices. Then, the features of BEV slices are aggregated from the camera features and merged by the attention mechanism. Finally, we fuse the merged local and global BEV features by a transformer to generate the final feature map for task heads. The purpose of local BEV slices is to emphasize informative heights. In order to find them, we further propose a LiDAR-guided sampling strategy to leverage the statistical distribution of LiDAR to determine the heights of local slices. Compared with uniform sampling, LiDAR-guided sampling can determine more informative heights. We conduct detailed experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of BEV-SAN. Code will be released.

Vision-Centric Bird-Eye-View (BEV) perception has shown promising potential and attracted increasing attention in autonomous driving. Recent works mainly focus on improving efficiency or accuracy but neglect the domain shift problem, resulting in severe degradation of transfer performance. With extensive observations, we figure out the significant domain gaps existing in the scene, weather, and day-night changing scenarios and make the first attempt to solve the domain adaption problem for multi-view 3D object detection. Since BEV perception approaches are usually complicated and contain several components, the domain shift accumulation on multi-latent spaces makes BEV domain adaptation challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel Multi-level Multi-space Alignment Teacher-Student ($M^{2}ATS$) framework to ease the domain shift accumulation, which consists of a Depth-Aware Teacher (DAT) and a Multi-space Feature Aligned (MFA) student model. Specifically, DAT model adopts uncertainty guidance to sample reliable depth information in target domain. After constructing domain-invariant BEV perception, it then transfers pixel and instance-level knowledge to student model. To further alleviate the domain shift at the global level, MFA student model is introduced to align task-relevant multi-space features of two domains. To verify the effectiveness of $M^{2}ATS$, we conduct BEV 3D object detection experiments on four cross domain scenarios and achieve state-of-the-art performance (e.g., +12.6% NDS and +9.1% mAP on Day-Night). Code and dataset will be released.

对话机阅读理解（CMRC）旨在帮助计算机理解自然语言文本，然后进行多转交谈以回答与文本有关的问题。现有方法通常需要三个步骤：（1）基于需要推理的决策； （2）如果上述决定的要求，请跨越提取； （3）基于提取的跨度重新绘制问题。但是，对于几乎所有这些方法，跨度提取和问题的改写步骤无法完全利用决策制定步骤中的细粒度构成推理信息，因为它们的相对独立性将进一步扩大决策制定和问题措辞之间的信息差距。因此，为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一个基于共享参数机制的对话机读取理解理解的新颖端到端框架，称为Intailment推理T5（ET5）。尽管我们提出的框架轻量级，但实验结果表明，拟议的ET5以55.2的BLEU-4分数在Sharc排行榜上取得了新的最新结果。我们的模型和代码可在https://github.com/yottaxx/et5上公开获取。

深度学习方法的最新突破引发了人们对基于学习的错误探测器的兴趣。与传统的静态分析工具相比，这些错误检测器是直接从数据中学到的，因此更容易创建。另一方面，它们很难训练，需要大量数据，而这些数据不容易获得。在本文中，我们提出了一种称为Meta Bug检测的新方法，该方法比现有基于学习的错误探测器具有三个至关重要的优势：Bug-Type通用（即，能够捕获在培训期间完全没有观察到的错误类型），可以自我解释（即能够在没有任何外部可解释方法的情况下解释其自身的预测）和样本有效（即，比标准错误检测器所需的培训数据要少得多）。我们的广泛评估表明，我们的元错误检测器（MBD）有效地捕获了各种错误，包括NULL指针解除，阵列索引外部漏洞，文件句柄泄漏甚至是并发程序中的数据竞赛；在此过程中，MBD还大大优于几个值得注意的基线，包括Facebook推断，一种著名的静态分析工具和FICS，即最新的异常检测方法。

事实证明，对预训练的模型进行迅速基于基于预训练的模型的微调对许多自然语言处理任务有效。但是，尚未对生物医学领域的迅速进行调整。生物医学单词在一般领域通常很少见，但在生物医学环境中无处不在，这在微观调整后即使在下游生物医学应用上都显着恶化了预训练的模型的性能，尤其是在低资源场景中。我们提出了一种简单而有效的方法，可以帮助模型在迅速调整过程中学习稀有的生物医学单词。实验结果表明，我们的方法可以使用少量的香草提示设置，无需任何额外的参数或培训步骤即可提高生物医学自然推理任务6％。

与传统的偏微分方程（PDE）求解器相比，物理知识的神经网络（PINN）可以实现较低的发展和解决成本，例如重建物理领域并解决逆问题。由于参数共享的优点，空间特征提取和低推理成本，卷积神经网络（CNN）越来越多地用于PINN中。为了使卷积PINN适应不同方程式，研究人员必须花费大量时间来调整关键的超参数。此外，尚不清楚有限差异精度，模型复杂性和网格分辨率对卷积PINN的预测结果的影响。为了填补上述研究差距，在本文中，（1）构建了多率的场pinn（MRF-PINN）模型，以适应不同的方程类型和网格分辨率，而无需手动调整。（2） MRF-PINN在三个典型的线性PDE（椭圆形，抛物线，双曲线）和非线性PDE（Navier-Stokes方程）中进行了验证。 （3）分析每个接受场对最终MRF-PINN结果的贡献，并测试有限差异精度，模型复杂性（通道数）和MES​​H分辨率对MRF-PINN结果的影响。本文表明，MRF-PINN可以适应完全不同的方程式类型和网格分辨率，而无需进行任何高参数调整。此外，在高阶有限差，较大的通道数和高网格分辨率下，解决误差显着降低，预计将成为一般卷积PINN方案。

在多机构强化学习中，沟通对于鼓励代理商之间的合作至关重要。由于网络条件随代理的移动性而变化，并且在传输过程中的随机性变化，因此现实无线网络中的通信可能非常不可靠。我们提出一个框架来通过解决三个基本问题来学习实用的沟通策略：（1）何时：代理商不仅基于消息重要性，而且是无线渠道条件来学习沟通时间。 （2）什么：代理增强了带有无线网络测量结果的消息内容，以更好地选择游戏和通信操作。 （3）如何：代理使用新颖的神经信息编码器来保存从接收到的消息中保留所有信息，而不管消息的数量和顺序如何。与最新的ART相比，在逼真的无线网络设置下模拟标准基准测试，我们在游戏性能，收敛速度和沟通效率方面取得了重大改进。